WHO ARE WE?

INDIANS,

WHO ARE WE?

(A HISTORY OF 2000 YEARS)

FOR GEN NEXT BY RANJIT CHITALE

Thousands of visitors throng Qutubminar every day. Many of them read the epitaph and come to know that it was built by Qutubshah and admire the magnificence of it. Yes it was built by Qutubshah, but the story doesn’t end there, in fact it starts from there. The down fall of Hindu Kingdom started around this time.

A thought came to my mind, that how many of us look back and read our real history. We are always fed on the British written history, which very cunningly gives all those periods which make us feel that we were always ruled. First by Alexander, then by Muslims and then by Britishers. When we talk about our history we are always apologetic about it. To start with this history was fed to our four five generations and its continuity was ensured from then on.

A permanent damage has been done. Now we know that we are born to get ruled. Only subjugation.  Ask any one in the age group of 20 - 30 about what they know about Alexander the great (?) Why was he great or was he, If we see from our perspective. Ask Gen Next who was Chandragupta, Chanakya and Bindusar (probably they may have heard the names of Chadragupta and Chanakya but not of Bindusar) and what was their most important contribution. Why should we read History from ‘their’ perspective? Here are some salient points in our History.

1.       Alexander may have been a great warrior but in Bharat he crossed Sindhu and could go till Beas River, not ahead.

2.       Upto 1400 AD South India was free.

3.       Till 1100 AD Mughals/ Turqs/ Muslims could not conquer Bharat.

4.    From 600 AD to 1000 AD Bharat was almost unified without any invasion.

5.            During Chandragupta Mourya and Vikramaditya around 150 to 200 yrs Bharat was free and progressing. The most important contribution of Chandragupta and Chanakya duo was to unite Bharat into one nation. Same goes to Vikramaditya, Maratha empire.

6.            From 1650 to 1760 Most of Maharashtra and later upto Atak India became Hindu-PatPatshahi under Maratha empire.

7.            We have finished only 60+ yrs after independence. Still a lot to go in a Nations life! Although we have lost some land, we have lost Hindu nation to secular one, but we are still progressing.

8.            With so many invasions many important nations (Greece, Roman, Bactria and many others lost their nationhood but India is still alive.

9.            Many nations still exists without the original identity like many central Asian nations and Egypt etc are there but now turned into Muslim countries.

10.          We are still alive and ticking, though in the long march towards existence we have lost Hinduhood and became secular that is alright we are still progressing.

11.          Whenever nations allowed our religion to be changed, change of nationhood happened.

12.          The terms like ahimsa are good for personal spiritual enhancement, but not for a nations upliftment! For a nation, PATRAPATRA VIVEK (पात्रापात्र विवेक), देशेकालेपात्रेच has to be applied. Otherwise nation becomes weak. 

13.          We ourselves made bounds for our religion, because of which our progress, openness, and our religion suffered a lot. They are  

(a)    Caste system and not to have relations with other castes.

(b)          Not to wed daughters outside the castes.

(c)           Not to cross Sindhu river, means we cannot wage war going out of our land.

(d)          No reconversions were allowed so we lost our numbers!

(e)          Not to kill the enemy when he has surrendered - Ahimsa (A bane from Budhist religion).

(f)           In war fight with an equal.

(g)          Crossing of Arabian and Bay of Bengal was considered not an Hindu act!

14. The just mentioned bounds were self-imposed for overall good at that time, our leaders (of that time) lost focus of GITA - The preachings of GITA were applied OUT OF CONTEXT.

15.          Gita while speaking on Caste system says - it was created TO SUSTAIN THE SOCIETY ON THE PRINCIPAL OF GUN KARMA VIBHAGASHAHA (चातुर्वर्ण्यं मया सृष्टं गुणकर्मविभागशः। अध्याय ४:१२) - That means the castes are according to the GUN - Mental Bend of Mind (Satvik, Rajas, Tamas) and KARMA - The skill he has and the work he does. It never said it should be hereditary! Applying this every society in the world is divided in these four divisions!.

16. While speaking on treatment to others GITA says (including enemy) it says देशे काले च पात्रे च तद्दानं सात्विकं स्मृतम्। अध्याय १७.२० Translated it says, the treatment depends on the context of place, time and person. The treatment should be different for different times, different places and for different persons i.e. for different situations. Actually so much liberty this religion had given to its people but we concurred a wrong meaning and instead of becoming more liberal became rigid. In the zest to follow GITA, these two (गुणकर्मविभागशः and पात्रापात्रविवेक) important aspects were lost!

17. Alexander, Shak, Hun, Kushans invaded us but never had any agenda to convert the religion. Muslims had a specific agenda to Convert, to desecrate the symbols of our sentiments (मुर्तीभंजक, बुतशिखान). Again धर्मांतर याने राष्ट्रांतर.

18. Tamil is the oldest Classical language in the world (proto  Dravidian languages), and Sanskrit was the oldest Language in Indo Europeon languages. Both have antiquity of 2 millenium BC. Latin was the only language as old as Sanskrit and Tamil.

19. Other nations had Ambassadors at our kingdoms.

MOURYAN EMPIRE IN 300 BC :COURTESY:  WIKIPEDIA

MARATHA EMPIRE IN 1758
COURTESY:  WIKIPEDIA

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I have made the Indian history ‘panoramic view’ for today’s computer enabled generation in an abridged manner just to create interest in the reader. More information and knowledge could be gathered from other sources.  I think Gen Next should go through this small document in their spare time. At a glance it gives the panoramic view about our history.

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Year	History
327 BC	Alexander invaded Bharatvarsh. At that time Puru (Pourous), and other Aryavarta Kings resisted him. There were no nations by name england, france, germany. Only Aryavarta, China, Greek nations, Saxo German were existing. Alexander (Son of Phillip) could go upto Vyas (Beas) river  after crossing Sindhu (Indus) river.
325 BC	Alexander went back to Iran.
323 BC	Death of Alexander.
321 BC	Chandragupta maurya became ruler, with Chanakya united whole of Bharat into a big strong progressive Bharatvarsha. He was son of Mura  and Dhananand (king of Magadh). Mura was from Shakya tribe. Following Hindu Kings fought with Alexander - Saubhuti and Kath near panchnad, while going back malav, magasa, agrashreni  and shudra  and Pouras (got defeated by Alexander).
315 BC	Selucus invaded Bharat. That time Chandragupta and Chanakya had unified North India and defeated Selucus.
298 BC	Death of Chandragupta.
298 BC	Bindusar son of Chandragupta unified Bharat under him. Even most of South India.
273 BC	Death of Bindusar.
273 BC	Ashoka Son of Bindusar, kept most of the Bharatvarsh under his rule as a unified nation. Later part of his life he turned Budhist and devoted his entire life as a Budhist and propagating Budhist religion. He propagated Buddhist religion on Vedic religion by force. Made india vulnerable because of his extreme Ahimsa  (अहिंसा) principles.
232 BC	Death of Ashoka.
222 BC	Damatrius of Bactria, invades Bharatvarsha. That time most of North India was under the influence of Budhists and could not resist the invader. King Khargole of Kalinga kingdom (Odissa) fights. He is not from Budhist school of thought and knew the limits of Ahimsa.
215 BC	Miniander near Kamboj (in Persia now in Iran) invades India. Very less resistance by Budhist kings.
184 BC	Pushyamitra, a soldier from Bruhadrath Mourya army, he took away kingdom from Bruhadrath who was ineffective. Unifies the country, builds Bharatvarsh and drives the Greek out, dies in 149 BC.
20 BC -50 AD	Shak tribe invades Greeks and Balhic nations. Many Greeks come to Bharatvarsha now for protection and remain here by becoming Hindus and Bhudsists.
70 AD	Andhra (Satavahanas) and Malav from Madhyabharat gave fitting reply. They went till Gujrat and Rajasthan and freed that area from Shaks. Malavs killed Shaks and their king Nahapan! Bharatvarsh fought for 100 yrs. Rest of India was more or less under budha dharma and was not in position to give a fitting reply because of extreme Ahimsak principles. On the victory a new Samvat was created and called as Vikram samvat or Shak (but it is a grey area – whether this is Vikram Shak or later when Vikramaditya fought with Kushans).   The Shalivahana era, also known as the Saka era, is used with Hindu calendars, the Indian national calendar, and the Cambodian Buddhist calendar. Its year zero begins near the vernal equinox of the year 78.[from Wikipedia - Thanks]. Western Kshatrapas (35–405 BC) were Saka rulers of the western part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Southern Sindh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan). They were successors to the Indo-Scythians who invaded the area of Ujjain and established the Saka era (with Saka calendar), marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka Western Satraps kingdom.   The Satavahana king (the king titled as Shalivahana is Gautamiputra Satakarni) is credited with the initiation of the era known as Shalivahana Saka to celebrate his victory against the Sakas in the year 78 CE. Prior to this, in 56 BCE Vikrama Samvat era was founded by the emperor Vikramaditya of Ujjain in a similar fashion following his victory over the Sakas.
80 AD - 120 AD	Kushans, Vima Kadphisis and kanishk (Kushan King) invades Bharat When Kanishk invaded Bharat, he conquered Gujrat, /Rajasthan and came to Narmada but in South Satavahanas. The dynasty of Satavahanas lasted for around 450 years and was too strong so Kanishka went towards Himalaya, where he was attacked by China. Kanishk defeated Chinese army and took Chaskand, Khotan and Kashgar. Kanishk becomes Budhist later his empire comes to an end.
300 BC	Samudragupt and then Chandragupta (Gupta Dynasty) who was later named as Vikramaditya fights Kushans. Kushans were finished and Vikramaditya also defeated remains of Shaks by defeating Shak king Rudrasen from Gujrat, Sindh, Kahiyawad and established near free Bharat again. He called himself Vikramaditya and started a Samvat called Vikramaditya (?). Around 350 BC Shalivahan Dynasty ended.
450 AD – 550 AD	Hoon tibe from Central Asia invades. Kumargupta and then Skandagupta resist the invasion. First invasion was defeated. In second invasion Skandagupta dies, and Hoon's Mihirgul comes upto Ujjaini. Yashodharma a Marshal from Gupt dynasty takes over the reins  and waged war by unifying all Hindu kings and defeats Mihirgul king of Hoon. This became the end of Hoon invasion. Hindu empire again enlarged upto Khotan, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Gilgit and towards north east. Some Hoons which remaind in Bharat lost their identity and became Hindus. The Gurjar clan from Haryana are said to be the Hoons who got assimilated in this nation.
570 AD	Birth of Muhammad Prophet. Arabs, Mongal, Turq tribes were there earlier but still did not become Musalman. Around 500 AD - 600 AD, in Bengal, Dynasties of Pal, Sen, and Burman mushroom.
711 AD	Muhamad Kasim Invades Bharat. Muhamad Kasim defeated King Dahir, a Hindu king near Panchnad (punjab / sindh). As usual Buddhist were not there on the scene, either they became Muslims or simply vanished to other countries. These mass conversions of Buddhist (or rather mass embracing of Muslim religion by Budhist because of fear) is the reason for the decline of Budhism from India. Although this religion started in Bharatvarsha, it became a minority religion here. Many Budhist in East Bengal became Muslims as a result of fear. This why we see Muslim concentration in East Bengal (later Bangladesh!). Many Budhists from Bihar (Vihar) went towards eastern countries.
700 AD- 1000 AD	In these years Muslims invaded other countries. Gibralter, North Africa, Portugal, Spain, South France. Many nations such as Egypt, was converted to Muslim countries i.e. their identity was lost forever. Till that time Muslim invasion in Bharat was limited to Sindh where kings like Jaypal and later his son Anagpal kept fighting although lost many times they did not surrender.  AFTER MUHAMAD KASIM, BHARAT ENJOYED 300 YRS OF HINDU RULE.  In South India, Pallavas ruled. Kanchipuram was their capital. They were defeated by Choules and then Rashtrakut dynasty started. Rashtrakut took Gujrath, Madhya Bharat (verul and kailas caves in Maharashtra are from this period - around 900 AD). Shankaracharya in 750 AD (from Kaladi) from Kerala, changed the course of Hindu dharma and tried to galvanise it again.
1026 AD	Muhamad Gazni invades Bharat. Gazni came from Sindh to Somnath and plundered and destroyed the Somnath mandir. Gazini died in 1030. Earlier invasions by Alexander, Greeks, Shak, Hoon, Kushan  were different from Muslim invasions. They invaded but never tried to convert the religion and therefore once they were defeated either they were assimilated in by Hindu religion or went to their countries back. But Muslim invasions had a different agenda. They invaded to rule and also started mass, forced conversions. Bharat was not prepared for that. Bharat that time was engulfed in its internal dictat of not to reconvert, to not to cross Sindhu river and a class system, started giving a weak defence. Hindus converted to Muslims were not reconverted, also when we used to win the lost territories by defeating Muslim invaders, never took revenge on Muslims. Never plundered them (like Spain and other Europeon countries) as a bargain Muslim population started rising in Bharat. This was a legacy from Budhism. Remember Dharmantar is Rahstrantar.  धर्मान्तर से राष्ट्रान्तर।. In South India that time from 10th century, Pandya from Madurai, Chowl from Tanjawar were major dynasties. After Gazni died in 1030 again for next approx 150 yrs Bharat was unified as a loose confederation of Hindu kingdoms. With a unifying thread of Hindutva or Hinduism.
1176 AD	Muhamad Ghori invades Bharat. Invaded Panchanad, but was defeated near Uuch mountain. Around that time Turks and Mongals started becoming Muslims in religion. Around 1063 AD Karnaraj dynasty ruled Gujrath and he created its capital as Karnavati, which was there till 1400 AD. In 1412 AD Ahemedshah defeated Karnaraj dynasty and changed Karnavati to Ahemedabad, again to his liking! Now when the chorus is there to revert back to original name, there is equal pressure from our own people why this.
1191 AD	Muhamad Ghori again invades Bharat. Gets defeated at the hands of brave Prithviraj Chouhan. Unfortunately due to Sadgunvikruti (सद्गूणविकृती - extreme use of good virtues like forgiving the enemy, without taking into consideration its appropriateness to the situation) he let Ghori free! Ghori flees back. Bharat’s down fall starts.
1193 AD	Muhamad Ghori forgets how large hearted Prithviraj Chouhan’s gesture because his agenda was to conquer. King of Kanauj Raja Jaychand (Historically documented first known anti national (गद्दार)) assisted Ghori against Pritviraj Chouhan! Prithviraj Chouhan defeated by Muhamad Ghori.
1195 AD	Muhamad Ghori again invades Bharat! This time invades Raja Jayachand (who had done an antinational act of assisting Muhamad Ghori against Prithviraj Chouhan) and plunders Delhi. This is the reason why we should study history so that we don’t repeat our mistakes. Otherwise history has the habit of repeating itself! This kept happening in Bharat. In this campaign of Muhamad Ghori, Qutubuddin assisted Ghori as a Sardar. Ghori went back to Gazni, along with Pritviraj in captivity. Prithviraj Chouhan is taken to Gazni (in Persia), and there he was tortured and his eyes were taken out by Muhamad Ghoris men. Here is the famous story of blind Pritviraj Chouhan in captivity kills Ghori by aiming at him when Ghori shouts at Pritviraj Chouhan. The story is very gripping and purposefully it is not given here, and I urge children to read it from net or from comic books of AMAR CHITRA KATHA. After Ghoris death Qutubuddin proclaimed sultan of Delhi. Qutubuddin converted Vishnu stambh (constructed by Samudragupt) and later renovated by Pritviraj Chouhan as Prithvistambh to Qutubminar. Today also one can see tell-tale signs of Hindu temple and he destroyed hindu deities. Even Iron Pillar has sanskrit carvings on it and symbols of Vishnu and Shankh. One can see them today also.
Till 1226 AD	Qutubudin proclaims himself as Sultan of Delhi. Rules Delhi till 1210 AD. 1210 AD Qutubudding dies. There was no one to take over from Qutubuddin that time his daughter Razia claims the throne but got engaged to a slave called Jallauddin , thereafter because Turks did not like her engagement with Jallaudin, one Turk Sardar Altunia tried to kill them, Razia tries to influence Altunia but Altunia kills Razia and Jalaluddin. This story was made as Razia Sultan movie! Around this time till 1200 AD, elsewhere in South India there was stability and progress. Marco polo traveller visited Pandya dynasty durbar and has given detailed description of the cultural advancement and richness of India. After Gaznis invasion there was instability for 50 - 60 yrs but then whole of South Bharat was invasion free. The compositions of Nammalvar, the great Vaishnavite saint, in praise of Sree Maha Vishnu of this city, prove beyond doubt that Padmanabhasamy Temple existed in the ninth century. In the year 1050A.D, the Temple was reconstructed and the management re-organized by the then ruler.
1226 AD	Bulban becomes Sultan of Delhi. Turks and Mongals enter the scene.
1286 AD – End of 1300 AD	Death of Bulban and Jalaluddin Khilji a Mongal becomes Sultan of Delhi in 1290 AD. Son of Jalaluddin, Allaudin starts South campaign. 1294 AD he invades Devgiri, King Ramdevrai was ruling it. Till this time (1400 AD) South Bharat was free from invasions history should take this fact into consideration. Various Hindu dynastis as Chol, Chel, Kalinga, Pandya, Rashtrakut, Andhra all had stable kingdoms. This fact is not told to our Indians mostly Gen Next plainly Indians are not aware of it. What is fed to them is just history of slavery, defeat by giving chronology of invasions. In between stable years (centuries) are not stressed and told to them. In fact these years are significant and periods of 150 yrs (or easily more than 8 - 9 generations of stability is good enough). One should see in that perspective. Our independent India is just 60+ years old!
1296 AD	Allaudin becomes Sultan after killing his father Jalluding (a common thread in Muslim leadership which can be seen today also seen in Pakistan). Allauding invades Sourashtra and Rantambhore kingdoms in 1301 AD.
1308 AD	Mallick Kafur a young Hindu boy (which was taken forcibly by Allaudin Khilji during his Gujrath campaign because he liked him, converts him and became his loyal sardar and invades Maharashtra and Mysore (Hoysala kings ruled Mysore that time).
Apr 1320	Khusro Khan he as Sultan (Like Mallik Kafur was forcibly taken from a Hindu family and converted to Muslim), but when he became Sultan he proclaimed  -“ as he was made a Muslim forcibly now he is again converting himself to Hindu and this whole Muslim Sultanat has become Hindu Sultanat”. This is never told in our history. This was Sultanat was there for one year. But Ghiyasuddin Tuglaq killed Khusrokhan by year end and again that spark of Hindu kingdom died and became a Muslim kingdom.
1321 AD	Ghiyasuddin Tuglaq – Sultan of Delhi. After Ghiyasudding his son Muhamad Tuglaq became Sultan of Delhi. He was whimsical Sultan. He was instrumental in changing name of Devgiri to Daulatabad and made it the capitol instead of Delhi! Just when the Capitol was being changed at a huge cost, he changed his mind and again changed the capitol from Daulatabad to Delhi.
1336 AD	Now in South, Muslim Sardar Bahamani revolted against Delhi Sultan and he declared himself Sultan of South India and established Bahamani kingdom. Krishnadevrai - A Hindu kingdom emerges in South India. After muhamad tughlaq (1351 death), Firozshah Tughlaq became Sultan – as a weak Sultan he acknowledged Bahamani kingdom and Krishnadevrai kingdom.  1374 AD Krishnadevrai kingdom king of Krishnadevrai dynasty Harihar and Bukk defeated Bahamani king (at Gulbarga).
1388 AD	Death of Firozshah Tughlaq.
1397 AD	Taimurlang a Tuqi invaded after crossing Sindhu River. He conqured upto Haridwar, Shivalic mountains. At that time only Rajput kings were resisting Muslims but most of them used to get defeated because we were divided.
1400 AD	Sayyad became Sultan of Delhi.
1488 – 1517 AD	Lodhis became (Turqi) Sultan of Delhi. In 1517 AD Sikander Lodhi became Sultan of Lodhi. Muslims say Sikander is their name and therefore Alexander was Muslim! Now during  Alexander’s period Muslim religion was not existed. In Persia people used to call Alexander as Sikander, and these greeks settled in Persia used to cristian their sons name as Sikander. After many generations when Muslims overpowered Persia and converted the Greeks there to Muslim religion, the tradition of using Sikander as a popular name continued in Muslim religion and they adopted it as their name. A very staunch Hindu nationalist Rana Sanga resisted these Mongals all through out his life.
1526 AD	Ibrahim Lodi became Sultan of Delhi. Rana Sanga (Chitod King) defeated Ibrahim lodhi. Chitod king Sanga finished Muslim Kingdom. That time Daulat Lodhi a Sardar from Lahore, invited Babar from Afghanisthan to help the Muslim Sultanat.
1530 AD	But while fighting Rana Sanga was killed and here strong Rajput resistance finished. Babur became Badshaha (Mongal) of Delhi, Died in 1530 AD. He true to Muslim tradition desecrated, demolished Ayodhya temple and converted it into symbol of Mongal victory as Babri Mashid. The main contention is this Somebody comes from outside Bharat demolishes a sentimental monument here and converts it into some other thing. As a nation is a blot. It is akin to Osama (from Afghanisthan (history repeats!) ) desecrating  and demolishes WTC a pride and symbol of economic strength of America. America was not like Bharat having extreme अहींसा, they retaliated and finished their Babar aka. Osama. Here we went to court! Had it been India and if we would not have studied history we could have ended up creating a Muslim monument at the place of WTC!. This is why we should study History and learn from our mistakes and remain ever vigilant. British, French, Dutch, Portugese started coming to Indian shores. We were still sleeping chanting अतिथी देवो भवः।
1550 – 1600 AD	Bahamani kingdome splits - Adilshaha (Bijapur), Qutubshah (Golconda), Imadshahi (Varahd), Nizamshah (Ahemadnagar), Bidarshah (Bidar). Son of a telangi Brahmin (Like Malik Kafur and Khusro was converted to Islam when they were young) was Imadshaha, and Nizamshaha was son of Timmapa Bahiru these were captured Hindu sons during war and as per Muslims now well known strategy, converted them to muslim religion and now they became enemies of our nation. But Krishnadev rai dynasty,  Vijaynagar kingdom was strong rich and influential and they kept all these Muslim kingdoms at bay, it ended when Nizamshah defeated the king in 1564 AD Talikot war. In Delhi, Humayun became Badshaha, soon Shersingh dethroned him, thereafter Adilshah became Badshah. Later Humaun 1542 AD (Son Akbar) again came from Iran and dethroned Adilshah and became Badshah.  Humaun died in 1556 AD. Adilshah had kept Hemu (Hindu as his vazir).
1510 – 1540 AD	Albuquarq from Portugal, took Goa from Bijapur Adilshaha. And started conversions to Christianity, we remain dumb, we did not learn from History! With Xaviers and Albuqarq brutalities can be read in their own ‘Cs Hindus De Goa Republica Portuguesa, by their own Doctor Potonio Noronhua.
1560 AD	There in Delhi Akbar becomes Badshaha. Hemu (Remember? Adilshah kept him as his Vazir?) Revolted against Muslim Sultanat and declared himself Badshah. Bahiramkhan was care taker at that time of 12 yr old Akbar. He fought with Hemu at Panipat, Hemu was winning but fell at the last moment and lost thereafter. Sad day for Hindu kingdom.
1564 AD	Akbar defeated Gondwan king, 1567 AD, Akbar defeated Chitod (Rana Sanga son Udaisingh. Remember with every Rajput king, there was lot of resistance before giving up by Rajputs. When they fell Akbar went in Chitod and he and his army killed 30,000 rajputs and their Wifes! And still we say that Akbar was good. Names roads after him (In Delhi there is a prominent road called Akbar road) Still we say that Akbar was Muslim Ramraja! Everything was destroyed by him, but son of Udaisingh, Rana Pratap, again started to build the army for getting even with Akbar and for Chitod.  Ranapratap almost killed Salim (son of Akbar) in famous HaldiGhati war. Till his death in 1581 AD he kept fighting with Monghals.
End of 1500 AD	Guru Nanak established Sikh Panth.
1630 AD	Birth of Shivaji. Shivaji by his Guerrila warfare created a kingdom devoid of Muslims in Maharashtra. This was then expanded by Peshwas all over. The policy changed hereafter. It was never DEFENCE but the policy was to go in for an aggresion!. Slowly Arabs, Turks, Mongal invaders from across Himalayas stopped invading and Shivaji concentrated in creating Hindupatpatshahi - that is to establish Hindu Kingdom against the Muslim original invaders including the Delhi Sultanat. With the collective will of Hindus the tide against Bharat turned. Earlier even with other brave Hindu kings victory was always elusive to Hindus against the Muslims, not with Shivaji, as if the collective will prevailed, as if everything came together, from the day he started the campaign victory always blessed him.
1739 AD	Nadirshah invades Bharat and destroys Mongal Badshahi in Delhi. Becomes new ruler of Delhi.
1747 AD	Abdalli becomes Badshaha of Kabul. Abdalli conquers Lahore. Till 1758 he invades three times and gets defeated at the hands of Marathas. 1758 Raghunathrao of Marathas goes beyond Attok, and Maratha empire conquers Lahore.
1758 AD	At the pinnacle of its reign, the Maratha Empire governed most parts of the contemporary Subcontinent of India (Pakistan, Republic of India, and Bangladesh together with neighbouring Afghanistan and Nepal). Other than conquering different areas, they kept many contributories that were restricted by contract to give a particular sum of tax every year, named as “Chauth” (chauth means out of their income, 1/4th to be given to Maratha empire). Besides seizing the entire Mughal Kingdom, the dynasty overpowered the Mysore Sultanate which was led by Tipu Sultan and Hyder Ali, Nawab of Bengal, Nawab of Oudh, Nawab of Arcot and Nizam of Hyderabad and also the Polygar empires which ruled in the southern part of the country. They forcibly collected chauth from Oudh, Delhi, Bihar, Bengal, Punjab, Orissa, Mysore, Hyderabad, Rajput provinces and Uttar Pradesh. The dynasty of the Maratha rulers stretched its territory till the frontiers of Afghanistan in 1758. The army of this empire overpowered the Afghan military in the contemporary province of Kashmir and Pakistan. The supreme commander of the Afghan forces was Timur Shah, who was Ahmad Shah Durrani’s son. The number of warriors in the Afghan army was approximately 25,000-30,000.  The Maratha soldiers slaughtered and plundered thousands of Afghan warriors in the month of April 1758, and took over Multan, Lahore, Attock in the Punjab province, Peshawar, and Kashmir. Safdarjung, the Nawab of Oudh, urged the Maratha rulers in 1752 to assist him in conquering Afghani Rohilla. In the same year, they departed from Poona and overwhelmed Afghan Rohilla, seizing the entire territory of Rohilkhand (contemporary northwestern part of Uttar Pradesh). After Lahore when Marathas were coming back to Maharashtra because of Sadgunvikruti (सद्गूणविकृती) they did not take revenge on Muslims. They did not convert them to Hindus. They did not desecrate or demolish their mosques. A golden opportunity was lost. Same thing happened when they defeated Tipu Sultan, they did not take back the converted Hindus (to muslims) back to Hindu fold because of that time धर्मबंध.  They did not do any of this kind. This was one good opportunity to correct the wrong.
1800 – 1820 AD	Maharaja Ranjit Singh almost freed whole of Punjab till Kashmir from Monghals. Till 1400 AD Kashmir was ruled by Hindu kings. After advent of Mongals they ruled till Maharaja Ranjit Singh freed (not whole of Kashmir). Aurangzeb the cruelest of all (Son of Jahangir) became Badshah. He imposed Ziziya tax, he desecrated our temples, he killed many Hindus who refused to become muslims. Very unfortunate that one of the prominent road in Delhi is named after him and the one who established Hindu patpatshahi, Shivaji’s name is not there in Delhi, no wonder after generations people will remember Aurangzeb as the Sultan of India and will forget Shivaji. That is if correct history is not taught to Gen Next.
1857 AD	The Great revolution for Independence - 1857. १८५७ का स्वातंत्र्यसमर. Again these British and some Indian historians try to brush off this as Sepoy Mutiny, I will write sometime afterwards about it more. For British administration it was convenient to brush it off saying it was Sepoy Mutiny but after independence our historians should have corrected and atleast acknowledge it as the first great revolution for our independence.
1947	Independent India.
2012	65 years of freedom.

Some Snippets (All references in these snippets are taken from Wikipedia! I acknowledge it here.  You can yourself ponder on our antiquity)

Languages

History of English Language: The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD (Sanskrit, Tamil developed 3000 years before it). These tribes, the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany. At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders - mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles came from "Englaland" and their language was called "Englisc" - from which the words "England" and "English" are derived. Later by 11th century Latin had more influence than Greek language on English Lexicon.

History of Greek Language: Greek has been spoken in the Balkan Peninsula since around the late 3rd millennium BC (Antiquity of Sanskrit and Tamil is as good as Greek). The earliest written evidence is found in the Linear B clay tablets in the "Room of the Chariot Tablets", an LMIII A-context (c. 1400 BC) region of Knossos, in Crete, making Greek the world's oldest recorded living language (Not Sanskrit of Tamil because in Aryavarta, Bharatvarsha we used to recite not write!). Among the Indo-European languages, its date of earliest written attestation is matched only by the now extinct Anatolian languages.

History of Latin Language: Latin is a member of the broad family of Italic languages. Its alphabet, the Latin alphabet, emerged from the Old Italic alphabets, which in turn were derived

from the Greek and Phoenician scripts. Historical Latin came from the prehistoric language of the Latium region, specifically around the River Tiber, where Roman civilization first developed. How and when Latin came to be spoken by the Romans are questions that have long been debated. Various influences on Latin of Celtic dialects in northern Italy, the non-Indo-European Etruscan language in Central Italy, and the Greek of southern Italy have been detected, but when these influences entered the native Latin is not known for certain.

History of Sanskrit Language: Sanskrit is a member of the Indo-Iranian sub-family of the Indo-European family of languages. Its closest ancient relatives are the Iranian languages Old Persian and Avestan. In order to explain the common features shared by Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages, many scholars have proposed migration hypotheses asserting that the original speakers of what became Sanskrit arrived in what is now India and Pakistan from the north-west some time during the early second millennium BC. Evidence for such a theory includes the close relationship of the Indo-Iranian tongues with the Baltic and Slavic languages, vocabulary exchange with the non-Indo-European Uralic languages, and the nature of the attested Indo-European words for flora and fauna.

History of Tamil Language: As a Dravidian language, Tamil descends from Proto-Dravidian. Linguistic reconstruction suggests that Proto-Dravidian was spoken around the third millennium BC, possibly in the region around the lower Godavari river basin in peninsular India. The material evidence suggests that the speakers of Proto-Dravidian were the culture associated with the Neolithic complexes of South India. The next phase in the reconstructed proto-history of Tamil is Proto-South Dravidian. The linguistic evidence suggests that Proto-South Dravidian was spoken around the middle of the second millennium BC, and that proto-Tamil emerged around the 3rd century BC. The earliest epigraphic attestations of Tamil are generally taken to have been written shortly thereafter. Among Indian languages, Tamil has the most ancient non-Sanskritised Indian literature. Tamil is one of the longest surviving classical languages in the world. It has been described as "the only language of contemporary India which is recognizably continuous with a classical past" and having "one of the richest literatures in the world". Tamil literature has existed for over 2000 years. The earliest epigraphic records found on rock edicts and hero stones date from around the 3rd century BC. The earliest period of Tamil literature, Sangam literature, is dated from ca. 300 BC – 300 AD.

HISTORY OF OTHER NATIONS – Before 350 BC there were no notable invasions and the civilizations were forming.

History of England: In AD 43 the Roman conquest of Britain began; the Romans maintained control of their province of Britannia through to the 5th century.  The end of Roman rule in Britain enabled the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, which is often regarded as the origin of England and the English people. The Anglo-Saxons, a collection of various Germanic peoples, established several kingdoms that became the primary powers in what is now England and parts of southern Scotland. They introduced the Old English language, which displaced the previous British language. The Anglo-Saxons warred with British successor states in Wales, Cornwall, and the Hen Ogledd (Old North; the Brythonic-speaking parts of northern England and southern Scotland), as well as with each other. Raids by the Vikings were frequent after about AD 800, and the Norsemen took control of large parts of what is now England. During this period several rulers attempted to unite the various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, an effort that led to the emergence of the Kingdom of England by the 10th century.

History of India:       From 327 BC to 2012 AD for 2340 years of history, around 800 years were free, 800 years we were at war with various invaders and around 800 years we were under the rule of foreign invaders. At the same time South India was almost free, stable and progressing for 1400 years. There are many countries who have same pattern, England France were at war for over 1000 years! Some countries like Egypt and Middle East gave up and lost their identity. Some countries like Spain fought and when they won, finished the Muslim invaders and all their signs of victory were demolished. Therefore Spain is still free and without any sign of being ruled left in that country.

History of Russia: The history of Russia begins with that of the Eastern Slavs and the Finno-Ugric peoples. The first united East Slavic state, was founded by Rurik's successor Oleg of Novgorod in 882. The state adopted Christianity from the Byzantine Empire in 988,beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Kievan Rus' ultimately disintegrated as a state because of the Mongol invasion of Rus' in 1237–1240. During that time a number of regional magnates, in particular Novgorod and Pskov, fought to inherit the cultural and political legacy of Kievan Rus'. After the 13th century, Moscow came to dominate the former cultural center. By the 18th century, the Tsardom of Russia had become the huge Russian Empire, stretching from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth eastward to the Pacific Ocean.

History of America: The history of the United States as covered in American schools and universities typically begins with either Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage to the Americas or with the prehistory of the Native peoples, with the latter approach having become increasingly common in recent decades. Indigenous populations lived in what is now the United States before European colonists began to arrive, mostly from England, after 1600. By the 1770s, thirteen British colonies contained two and a half million people. They were prosperous and growing rapidly, and had developed their own autonomous political and legal systems. The British Parliament asserted its authority over these colonies by imposing new taxes, which the Americans insisted were unconstitutional because they were not represented in Parliament. Growing conflicts turned into full-fledged war beginning in April 1775. On July 4, 1776, the colonies declared independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain and became the United States of America. The identity of original inhabitants were lost.

South India free for 1400 years

                                             

800 years Free

800 years At War

800 yrs Under Invaders

                     

2340 Years from 327 BC to 2012 AD

Some Interesting Names…

Present Name	Names during Bharatvarsh
Afghanisthan	Ahigansthan
Kabul river	kubha nadi
Yavan	Yayati son anu (Yavan from corrupt form of..)
Alexander	Sikander in Persian
Jhelam River	Vitasta nadi
Jeuz	Diu (corrupt form)
Port	Pattanprasth
Atom Bomb	Kaal Dhwam (This is new suggested word in Hindi)
Swat  region	Suvastu
Gumal	Gomati
Peshavar	Purushpur
Punjab / Sindh	Panchnad (five rivers). Earlier in Puranas Saptasindhu (seven rivers amongst it one was Saraswati) got corrupted to HaptaHindu and people living this side of Sindu got the name of Hindu, because we were one of the strongest and modern civilization so people used to talk about us!
Gibralter	Jabel E Tarik
Bay of Bengal	Gangasagar
Arabian sea	Sindhusagar
Great Trunk Road (GT Road)	Uttarpath

Writing of Magasthenes: Such was the kingdom of Chandragupta that Megasthenes was permanent Ambassador to him (from Greece). He writes - At the beginning of his Indica, he refers to the older Indians who know about the prehistoric arrival of Dionysus and Hercules in India, which was a story very popular amongst the Greeks during the Alexandrian period. Particularly important are his comments on the religions of the Indians. He mentions the devotees of Heracles (Lord Krishna) and Dionysus (Lord Shiva or King Lord Indra), but he does not mention Buddhists, something that gives support to the theory that the latter religion was not widely known before the reign of Ashoka. His Indica served as an important source for many later writers such as Strabo and Arrian. He describes such features as the Himalayas and the island of Sri Lanka. He also describes a caste system different from the one that exists today, which shows that the caste system may to some extent be fluid and evolves.

Shak, Hoon, Kushan Tribes: When they came, even Europe, China also went through cycles of invasions, not only Bharatvarsh. China went through Hoon invasions and therefore to protect themselves erected The Great Wall of China. Hoon invaded Europeon Russia, Poland and Gaath, Roman empire.

Alexander during his Pursuit: Conquered Syria, Egypt, most of that time Europe, Bactria, Greece, Persia (Iran), Babylon etc.

From Here Where We GO? Now we know who we are. We know our strengths. We know our weakness. We are an independent nation. We must secure what we have. We must protect what is left with us. We must progress. We must develop our nation. For this to happen, we have to study our history and be vigilant. In the frame work of secularism, we must strive to achieve next level. We must have one thought. A thought that is above religion, a thought which will make our nation strong and progressive, a thread which will bind all of us, a fabric which has threads of the religion well woven binding us all. Each and every one of us should subjugate ourselves to our nation’s interests and goals. We cannot change certain things, so make peace with our history, accept and move ahead, without forgetting our victories, our failures, our mistakes and our history. Our task is cut. The first step is to secure our boundaries (which is not done till now) as these are the weak links in our Armour, or we can say chinks in the armour. Arrest infiltration and be firm with our neighbours. Remember we exist because our Nation exists. Otherwise our identity would be lost like other countries that have lost their identity years back. Our ideal should be one religion of humanity and one nation that is earth, but this is a distant dream. Till such time the concept of religions and nations are there we must preserve our identity. May be, after few centuries our civilization will be ready to accept earth as our nation and humanity as our religion.

Authors Referred: Plutarch, Jayaswal (Hindu Polity), Vincent Smith (Early History of India), Justin, Megasthenes account, Gibbon, Riyasatkar Sardesai and from net.

HAVE YOU TAKEN Rashtravrat  (राष्ट्रव्रत)? YOU HAVE TO BE ONLINE TO KNOW MORE ABOUT IT. JUST CTRL+ CLICK ON THE WORD, YOU WILL GET TO KNOW, WHAT IT IS.

WE ARE NOT A NATION OF DEFEAT, SUBJUGATION OR AT THE RECEIVING END OF OUR INVADERS. GREAT NATIONS ALWAYS GO THROUGH THIS CYCLE OF INVASIONS, IT IS NOT HOW MANY TIMES WE WERE INVADED BUT IT IS HOW WE CAME OUT OF IT. THERE ARE MANY COUNTRIES WHICH WERE ERASED FROM THE MAP OF THE WORLD BY INVASIONS OR IF THEY STILL EXISTS ON THE MAP, THEIR CULTURE, THEIR RELIGION WAS CHANGED PERMANENTLY THAT MEANS THEIR IDENTITY WAS CHANGED…… NOT OURS, OUR IDENTITY IS INTACT……. BUT, AS USUAL … CONDITIONS APPLY……………..